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What is a balance sheet, and why does it matter to investors?

Fundamental Analysis

A balance sheet is a financial statement listing a company’s assets, liabilities and shareholder equity at a specific point in time, showing what it owns versus what it owes.

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    Investors use it to judge financial health — high debt relative to equity can signal risk, while strong cash reserves can signal stability. It’s one of three core financial statements (with the income statement and cash flow statement) studied in fundamental analysis.

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